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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Author: hardeep

 

Special areas in the pancreas gland, the islets of Langerhans, produce a hormone called insulin. This hormone is a protein of small size. Insulin stimulates muscle cells and other body cells to take up glucose from the blood and convert the glucose to glycogen, a kind of starch, and then store the glycogen. By need the body cells convert the glycogen to glucose and use it as fuel. In this way insulin keeps the glucose level in the blood at a normal size.

 

By diabetes type I the cells producing insulin are destroyed. Then less glucose is taken up from the blood into the body cells and utilized there, and glucose accumulates in the blood.

 

 

THE CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF DIABETES TYPE I

 

The cause of the disease is not well known. An auto-immune response attacking the insulin producing cells in the langerhansian islets may be a cause. Virus infection may be another cause. The disease also is to some extend inherited.

 

When the glucose uptake into the body cells is reduced, but glucose instead accumulates in the blood, the following physiological effects occur:

 

-The body cells do not get enough fuel for the work they shall do.

-The molecular thickness (osmality) of the blood increases. This causes water to be pulled out from the body tissues and into the blood. The tissues thus get dried out and the urine production increases.

-The tissues begin to break down protein and fat to get energy, causing weight loss and muscular reduction.

 

The symptoms of diabetes type 1 are a consequence of these mechanisms.

 

 

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES TYPE 1

 

The disease often starts suddenly. Often children or young people are attacked by the disease. The lack of insulin causes an increased amount of blood sugar. Early symptoms of the disease are:

 

-Increased urine production

-Dehydration (lack of water in the body)

-Abnormally high thirst as a consequence of increased urine production

-Dryness in the mouth

-An abnormal high appetite

-Feeling extremely tired and weak

-Weight loss, even when one eats well

-Impaired vision

 

If the blood sugar level is not stabilized to a normal value, there will be an accumulation of chemicals in the body called ketones, and this condition is called diabetic ketoacidosis. This serious condition can lead to coma and death. The signs of ketoacidosis are:

 

-Vomiting,

-Pain in the stomach

-Rapid breathing,

-High pulse rate

-Somnolence (abnormal tendency to sleep)

 

In the long term, diabetes type 1 can severely hurt the blood vessels in vital organs. This can further cause damage to the heart, eyes, kidneys or other body organs.

 

 

TREATMENTS OF DIABETES TYPE 1

 

Diabetes type 1 is treated with insulin injections. Implanting insuline cells in the pancreas is an experimental treatment. Another experimental treatment is to implant stem cells in the pancreas that can develop into new insulin producing cells.

 

Another important module of the treatment is regulation of the amount of sugar and fat consumed through the diet so that it fits together with the insulin-amount injected. Also regular monitoring of the blood sugar level to regulate the insulin amount is an important part of the treatment.

 

There are also natural products in the market that can help to normalize the blood sugar level by diabetes type 2. Those products cannot heal the disease or replace insulin injections, but they can help the body to regulate the blood sugar level. These products contain minerals that are working components of enzymes that stimulate the glucose metabolism in the body. They also contain herbs that have been used for a long time in traditional medicine to regulate the glucose level and that have proven their effects in scientific studies.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/diabetes-mellitus-type-1-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-1111222.html

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Gestational Diabetes And Food: A Balancing Act

Author: Nupur das

Many women who never had diabetes are shocked when they are diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Food takes on a whole new meaning. It is the stuff of life – but, could also trigger a diabetic coma if you treat your diet casually. The good news is that your gestational diabetes and food suspicions will end as soon as the baby pops out. The better news is that nine months or so is good time to learn better eating habits for your overall health, not just your blood sugar levels. Pay Attention To Your Carbs With gestational diabetes and food, counting your daily intake of carbohydrates is key. Carbohydrates converts to glucose (blood sugar), which is what you will watching like a hawk. Carbohydrates effects your blood sugar and monitoring your blood sugar helps you with monitoring your carbohydrates. It might seem daunting at first, but you'll get the hang of managing gestational diabetes with food. You want to make sure your carbs are spread out throughout your day. This is also true of your calories. With a growing baby, you need to eat about 300 extra calories per day. That means you will be eating about 2200 calories per day. Check with your doctor to be sure. You need to have five or six small meals rather than three large ones. You also need to cut out fatty meats, high fat snacks and lots of processed or fast food. A good idea is to fill a third of your plate with protein, a third with carbohydrates and another third with fruits and vegetables. Your Relationship With Food A major gestational diabetes risk is if you are overweight and over 25 when you get pregnant. This means you have probably been having some food issues and have been trying to have a better relationship with food, anyway. Well, gestational diabetes will force you to eat better. This will help not only your growing baby's health and your blood sugar, but your joints, your heart and many other health conditions. With gestational diabetes, food intake alone will often not be enough to be sure that you and your baby get through the pregnancy okay. You also need to go to all of your check ups, learn to monitor your blood sugar, exercise regularly and take any medication prescribed. Please don’t do any fad diets, colon cleansings, fastings or any drastic measures like that. Your body will not be able to handle the shock.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/diseases-and-conditions-articles/gestational-diabetes-and-food-a-balancing-act-857877.html

About the Author

Nupur Das, an ardent writer is a Masters in English.She has many short stories to her credit and now given her attention to article writing.Please visit my blog http://avoid-diabetes.blogspot.com for more information.

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The ELISA Kit – A Powerful Tool For Modern Science

Author: Groshan Fabiola

ELISA is short for Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent, and up until now the ELISA kit is the safest and fastest way of diagnosing various types of infectious diseases in humans. The ELISA kit, in one of its many forms, can also be used to diagnose various diseases in plants and animals also. The ELISA test can be viewed much like the pregnancy test, because it works pretty much in the same way. The most common use for the ELISA kit is detecting antibodies and antigens in samples, in the field of immunology. Apart from using the ELISA kit to run toxicology tests which quickly reveal the presence or absence of certain drugs.

Another field in which using the ELISA kit has become increasingly important is the food industry. Industry professionals make use of the ELISA kit in searching for various elements that should not appear in certain products. For example, milk, walnuts, peanuts, eggs, and other similar ingredients make provoke allergic reactions, and in order to test a product which advertises not using one or more of these ingredients, testing is done with the help of the ELISA kit. Aside from being used in the food industry and law enforcement or competitions, the ELISA kit is widely known for being used for the detection of HIV, and other viruses. One of the greatest advantages to using the ELISA kit, aside from the accurate results, is the low price for this product. The financial aspect along with the short testing period have led the ELISA kit to becoming one of the most used testing methods throughout the world. Regardless if used in diagnostics, plant pathology or products quality control, the Elisa kit works in the same way.

When performing ELISA kit testing antigen is spread onto a surface. In the next stage, an antibody, specific for that test, is presented to the antigen resulting in a bind between the two compounds. The final steps are linking that antibody to an enzyme and ultimately adding a revealing solution that that helps the enzyme to convert to a visible signal. This readable signal will reveal the exact quantity of antigen in that specific sample. Because the ELISA kit test reveals the presence of antibodies and antigen, and so it can be used to determine the exact concentration of serum antibody, it has become one of the most important tools in the correct detection and diagnostic of the HIV virus, and other viruses also, such as the West Nile virus. The high sensitivity presented by the ELISA kit test was often compared to that offered by examinations carried out with the use of the microscope.

ELISA kits are used to both diagnose and monitor infectious diseases such as West Nile Virus or HIV. The accuracy of ELISA kits and their short time of response are their strongest selling points. ELISA kits are also highly sensitive to specific antibodies, and provide analytical systems capable of detecting very low levels of chemicals. The high sensitivity of ELISA kits is due to the powerful catalytic ability of enzymes. ELISA methods are also highly selective due to the extraordinary discriminatory capabilities of antibodies. Concentration as low as parts per billion (ppb) can be detected. Moreover, an ELISA kit is very simple to use and the results are easy to understand.

Commercial uses of the ELISA kits are in high demand. Over-the-counter pregnancy tests make use of this principle by using monoclonal antibodies directed to protein samples in urine. To monitor diabetes, glucose levels can be determined using a mediator molecule to interface biological and electronic components of a sensor which results in a current reading. Antibiotic residues in milk may be detected using an ELISA kits which monitors the inhibition of a test organism's growth. ELISA kits are also used in food safety by indicating the presence of salmonella. This test is used to predict salmonella carrier status in cattle. ELISA kits have an enormous impact on today’s medicine.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/the-elisa-kit-a-powerful-tool-for-modern-science-1395470.html

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For more resources about ELISA kit or even about antibodies, please review this page http://biosupply.co.uk

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Diabetes mellitus diagnosing test

Author: thiruvelan

High level of glucose in blood and later appear in urine is called as diabetes mellitus. So glucose is the most important test to a diabetic. The fasting blood glucose level test is the most common screening diagnosis test for diabetes and pre-diabetes. It is usually ordered when someone has symptoms of diabetes or for a person having high diabetes risk factors.

Random plasma glucose test
The random plasma glucose test measures plasma glucose levels at any time without fasting or no worry about what you have ate. This blood sugar test can do casually at any time, so it is called as casual plasma glucose test.

Random plasma glucose test is just used for the screening of diabetes, if there is any abnormal result then diabetes needs to be confirmed by fasting plasma glucose test or oral glucose tolerance test.

Fasting plasma glucose test
According to the American Diabetes Association, either a fasting plasma glucose (fasting for about 8 hour) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may be used to diagnose diabetes and pre-diabetes. But normally recommends the fasting plasma glucose test because it is easier, faster, and less expensive to perform compared to oral glucose tolerance test.

Fasting plasma glucose test is carried out after 8 to 12 hours of fasting (should not eat or drink anything except water). If there is any abnormal test result then it is recommended to repeat this test on another day.

Oral glucose tolerance test
OGTT requires to having a fasting plasma glucose test, followed by drinking a standard amount of glucose solution to "challenge" their system, followed by another plasma glucose test 2 hours after the consumption of glucose. If there is any abnormal result, then the test should be repeated on another day to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes.

Glucose challenge test
Gestational diabetes is usually diagnosed using a glucose challenge test (GCT) as a screen, followed by OGTT if the screen test result is abnormal.

Diabetics must monitor their own blood glucose levels, often several times a day, to determine how far above or below their glucose level is and, based on their doctor's recommendation. This is usually done by placing a drop of blood (obtained by pricking the skin with a small lancet device), onto a glucose strip and then inserting the strip into the glucose monitor, a small electronic machine that provides a digital readout of the blood glucose level.

Glycated hemoglobin A1C
A1c (also called hemoglobin A1c or glycohemoglobin or Glycated hemoglobin A1C) is a test that is recommended several times a year to monitor patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is a measure of the average amount of glucose present in the blood over the last 2 to 3 months, which helps the doctor to find how well a treatment plan is working to control the patient's blood glucose levels over time.

Now a day's doctors recommend A1C even if you maintain your blood glucose level near normal through home glucose monitoring. Because it provide a mean value of glucose for previous 3 months.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/diseases-and-conditions-articles/diabetes-mellitus-diagnosing-test-1766947.html

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Author's diabetes Resource
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